Diagnosis and management of Wilms tumor in children

Abstract

Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) is a malignant embryonic alteration of the mesodermal lineage, mostly identified during childhood. The most common initial clinical presentation is subtle and progresses with the emergence of an asymptomatic abdominal mass. Purpose: to analyze the approach to diagnosis and treatment of Wilms Tumor in children. Method: it is an integrative review conducted in Portal Periodicals CAPES, Medline, Lilacs and Scopus databases using the descriptors “Wilms Tumor”, “Nephroblastoma”, “Early Detection of Cancer”, “Treatment”, from March 01 to 15, 2022. Search filters used: publications from the last 5 years in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. 19 articles were selected and included in the final writing of the discussion. Results and discussion: of all articles selected, 52.63% come from CAPES, 26.31% were found in Medline, Lilacs corresponding to 10.52% and Scopus meaning 10.52%. The authors are in agreement with the adoption of protocols such as the International Society of Pediatric Oncology and the guidelines of the Child Oncology Group to define the diagnosis in a safe and effective way. The prognosis is still positive in most cases, however some variables can influence the evolution such as the histological type of the tumor and initial period of treatment. Conclusion: the attention of the multidisciplinary team in the early diagnosis process directly influences the quality of the treatment provided to the patient, and the results of imaging tests and immunohistological evaluation are essential for staging and therapeutic adequacy.