Impact of human papillomavirus vaccine on cases of cervical cancer in young women from Pernambuco state
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56102/afmo.2024.298Keywords:
Cervical cancer, Epidemiology, Human papilomavirus, VaccinationAbstract
Objective: To describe the impact of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine on cases of cervical cancer in women aged 15 to 24 years residing in Pernambuco (Brazil), comparing the periods of 2006 ‒ 2013 with 2015 ‒ 2022. Methods: This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study compared cases of cervical cancer before (first period = 2006 ‒ 2013) and after (second period = 2015 ‒ 2022) implementation of the HPV vaccine in Brazil and analyzed the number of doses administered between 2014 and 2022. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Cancer Information System (SISCAN), Cervical Cancer Information System (SISCOLO), and National Immunization Program Information System (SI-PNI). Results: After excluding 2014, 55 cases of cervical cancer (mean = 3.4 cases/year, standard deviation = 1.9 cases) were registered between 2006 and 2022. Of the 39 cases from the first period, 46.2% were invasive squamous cell carcinoma, and 41.0% were invasive adenocarcinoma. Of the 16 cases from the second period, most (62.5%) were invasive squamous cell carcinoma. A reduction of 59% was observed in cases from the first to second period, mainly in the age group from 15 to 19 years (83.3%) and of invasive adenocarcinoma (75%). The number of administered doses of the vaccine also decreased, especially in 2016 and from 2020 (i.e., during the COVID-19 pandemic). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the importance of vaccination against HPV and its association with the decrease in cases of cervical cancer in young women. However, the effects of the HPV vaccine on the population should be assessed over a longer period since it was implemented in 2014 in Brazil.
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