Comparing covid-19 positivity rates and contextual factors across municipalities in a metropolitan area of Northeast Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56102/afmo.2025.333Keywords:
Covid-19, Social epidemiology, Pandemics, Covid-19 testingAbstract
Objective: To compare covid-19 positivity and mortality rates and contextual factors across municipalities in a metropolitan area of Recife between 2020 and 2021. Methods: This ecological study examined covid-19 positivity (measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test) and mortality rates. Epidemiological data were extracted from the DataSUS system, while socioeconomic data were obtained from IBGE and the Pernambuco State Health Department databases, covering March 2020 to December 2020. Data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation test and considering a 5% significance level. Results: Severe covid-19 cases were positively correlated with high household income per capita (U = 0.832; p < 0.001) but inversely correlated with illiteracy (U = -0.879, p < 0.001) rates. Conclusion: Contextual factors were correlated with increased covid-19 positivity and mortality rates during the study period.
References
Barreto ML, Barros AJD de, Carvalho MS, Codeço CT, Hallal PRC, Medronho R de A, et al. [What is urgent and necessary to inform policies to deal with the covid-19 pandemic in Brazil?]. Revista Brasileira De Epidemiologia = Brazilian Journal of Epidemiology [Internet]. 2020;23:e200032. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200032
Drummond G, Da Silva M, Andrade De Souza A, Silva M, De Castro M, Debôrtoli De Miranda W, et al. Influence of socioeconomic inequality on the distribution of covid-19 hospitalizations and deaths in Brazilian municipalities, 2020: an ecological study. Epidemiologia e Serviços de Saúde [Internet]. [citado 2023 Abr 12];32(1):2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-96222023000100021
Entenda as diferenças entre RT-PCR, antígeno e autoteste [Internet]. Ministério da Saúde. Disponível em: https://www.gov.br/saude/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2022/fevereiro/entenda-as-diferencas-entre-rt-pcr-antigeno-e-autoteste
World Health Organization. Statement on the second meeting of the International Health Regulations (2005) Emergency Committee regarding the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [Internet]. www.who.int. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/news/item/30-01-2020-statement-on-the-second-meeting-of-the-international-health-regulations-(2005)-emergency-committee-regarding-the-outbreak-of-novel-coronavirus-(2019-ncov)
World Health Organisation. WHO Director-General’s Opening Remarks at the Media Briefing on covid-19 - 11 March 2020 [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-themedia-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
World Health Organization. Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) situation reports [Internet]. www.who. int. 2020. Disponível em: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200202-sitrep-13-ncov-v3.pdf
Magno L, Rossi TA, Mendonça-Lima FW de, Santos CC dos, Campos GB, Marques LM, et al. Desafios e propostas para ampliação da testagem e diagnóstico para covid-19 no Brasil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva [Internet]. 2020 Aug 28 [citado 2021 Mai 9];25:3355–64. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020259.17812020
Worldometer. Coronavirus Toll update: Cases & Deaths by Country [Internet]. Worldometer. 2024. Disponível em: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/
Sávio P, De Goés A. Prevalência e incidência da covid-19 nas macrorregiões de saúde do estado de Pernambuco [citado 2024 Jul 31]. Disponível em: https://www.lai.pe.gov.br/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2020/06/PROJ-APQ-0135-20.pdf
Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco | Secretaria Estadual de Saúde de Pernambuco [Internet]. portal.saude.pe.gov.br. Disponível em: https://portal-antigo.saude.pe.gov.br/boletim-epidemiologico-covid-19
Morgenstern H. Ecologic studies in epidemiology: concepts, principles, and methods. Annu Rev Public Health. 1995;16:61-81. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pu.16.050195.000425
Messner W, Payson SE. Contextual factors and the covid-19 outbreak rate across U.S. counties in its initial phase. Health Science Reports. 2021 Fev 2;4(1). Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.242
Nespolo C, Fernanda Hammes Varela, Sartor S, Márcia Polese-Bonatto, Ingrid Rodrigues Fernandes, Gabriela Oliveira Zavaglia, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of a SARS-CoV-2 rapid test and optimal time for seropositivity according to the onset of symptoms. Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 2022 Jan 1;38(1). Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00069921
Demenech LM, Dumith S de C, Vieira MECD, Neiva-Silva L. Desigualdade econômica e risco de infecção e morte por covid-19 no Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia [Internet]. 2020 [citado 2020 Nov 20];23. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200095
Baillet M, Wathelet M, Lamer A, Frévent C, Fovet T, D’Hondt F, Notredame C, Vaiva G, Génin M. Association Between covid-19 and Self-Harm: Nationwide Retrospective Ecological Spatiotemporal Study in Metropolitan France. JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2024;10:e52759. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.2196/52759
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Pedro Pinto Ribeiro de Goes, Pedro Torban, Pedro Henrique de Lima Cavalcanti, Paulo Savio Angeiras de Goes
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Esta licença permite que outros distribuam, remixem, adaptem e desenvolvam seu trabalho, mesmo comercialmente, desde que creditem a revista pela criação original.
